Masataka SATO
A New Cercyon
(Coleoptera,
Hydrophilidae) Found in a Japanese Cave
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A
new Cercyon-species found in the limestone cave
Ose-do, Kumamoto
Prefecture, Southwest Japan, is described under the name of C.
uenoi. It does not seem to be a true troglobiont
from the morphological view-point, but may be a troglophile closely
associated
with bats' guano. |
Shun-Ichi UENO
Two New Species and
a New Record of the Group of Trechiama oni (Coleoptera,
Trechinae)
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Two
new trechine beetles
belonging to the group of Trechiama oni
are described, one from a mine adit and its outside at the northern
part of
central Shikoku and the other from the upper hypogean zone of the lzumi
Hills
at the western part of the Kii Peninsula. The former belongs to the satoui complex within the species-group,
while the latter is a member of the kosugei
complex. Besides, a new locality of Trechiama
fujiwaraorum S. UENO is recorded from the vicinity of its type
locality. |
Atsushi FUJII
Karst Hydrogeology
of the West Akiyoshi Plateau, West Japan
|
Karst
hydrogeology of the West
Akiyoshi Plateau is dealt with through the speleological investigations
and the
fluorescein dye tracings. A contour map of the phreatic surface of the
area is
tentatively made up. In the northern half of the plateau, the
Ofuku-Beppu-dai
hydrologic domain, underground water drains largely eastward into the
Koto-gawa
(river) alluvial lowland. The drainage basin covers a part of the
non-limestone
terrains around the karst plateau as well as the northern half of the
West
Akiyoshi Plateau. A stream piracy through the karst flow system under
the
plateau is clearly found from a dye tracing between two suface streams
by which
the plateau is hemmed in, east the Koto-gawa and west the Asa-gawa. It
is
described as a distinct groundwater trench on the hydrologic map. In
the
southern half of the plateau, the lwanaga-dai hydrologic domain, all
the
underground water discharges into the lwanaga Polje which is located at
the
southeastern margin of the West Akiyoshi Plateau and belongs to the
Koto-gawa
drainage area. The recharge area is all in the karst terrain. |
Naruhiko KASHIMA and Moo
Song SUH
Hyeobjae Cave
System, a Pseudo-calcareous Cave on Jeju Island, South
Korea
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This
paper provides : I ) a
preliminary report on the pseudo-karst phenomena in the Hanrim area,
Jeju
Island, South Korea ; 2) an overview of the types of the speleothems
that exist
in pseudo-calcareous cave, Hyeobjae Cave, which is designated as the
Natural
Monument No. 236 in South Korea. Jeju Island is almost wholly composed
of
alkaline basalt flows which form the volcanic cone of Mt. Halla (1,950
m in
height) of Quaternary age. Hyeobjae cave system lies in Hyeobjae-ri,
Hanrim-eub, about 30 km WSW from the City of Jeju. Microcoquina sand
dune is
widely distributed in the Hanrim area, overlying the cavernous
Pyoseonri
Basalt. The desert hollow on the microcoquina sand dune seems to have
acted in
promoting the growth of carbonate speleothems in Hyeobjae cave system
overlaid
by lava mound formed by lavapilz and artificial breaksand stone wall.
Hyeobjae
cave system contains a variety of carbonate speleothems, among which
are
dripstones (soda-straws, stalactites, stalaymites and columns),
flowstones
(rims, Iime-laminations, tiers, bacon-like sheets and draperies),
accretions
(oolites, pisolites, axiolites, tabulites and cave pearls) and other
speleothems (cups, cave corals, helictites and conulites). It is
concluded that
the carbonate minerals in Hyeobjae cave system have been derived from
the
calcareous microcoquina sands. The carbonate-bearing groundwaters
percolated
into Hyeobjae cave system and deposited carbonate minerals, which cover
bare
lava walls and coexist with lava speleothems. |
Naruhiko KASHIMA and
Teruo IRIE
Recent Gypsum
Speleothems from Kometsuka-no-ana Lava Cave, in Aso National
Park, Kyushu, Southwest Japan
|
Gypsum
speleothem, hydrous
calcium sulfate CaSO4ÅE2H2O, from a lava cave is reported based on a
specimen
from Kometsuka-no-ana Cave in Aso National Park, Kyushu. It is formed
in
response to the evapo-transpirative regium. This is the first report on
the
occurrence of gypsum as a lava cave speleothem in Japan. |
Motoji IKEYA and
Toshikatsu MIKI
A Decade of ESR
Dating from Speleology at Akiyoshi-do Cave
|
Electron
spin resonance (ESR), a
microwave spectroscopy frst used in speleology for dating stalactites
and
stalagmites at Akiyoshi-do Cave has become a dating method in geology
and
archaeology. The principle of ESR dating utilizes trapped electrons and
holes
or radiation damages that are created by natural radiation from
radioactivities
in the materials and also from the environment. The total dose of
natural
radiation (TD) is estimated from the growth curve of ESR signal
intensity by
artificial irradiation. The ESR age (T) is assessed considering the
average
annual dose rate (D) of natural radiation. Applications of ESR dating
from
speleological materials to fossil bones in paleo-anthropology, shells
and
corals in marine geology and to geological fault movements and
geothermal
history were developed in these ten years in addition to the recent
breakthrough of dating forensic, historical and archaeological organic
materials. Progress in ESR dating is reviewed with the emphasis on the
recent
work in data processing procedures and organic dating with ESR. All the
bibliography of ESR dating is compiled for convenience up to the end of
1984. |
Motoji IKEYA, O. BAFFA
FILLHO and S. MASCARENHAS
ESR
Dating of Cave Deposits from Akiyoshi-do Cave in Japan and Diabo Cavern
in
Brazil
|
The
age and the growth
velocities of cave deposits like stalactites, stalagmites and cave
pearls at
Akiyoshi-do Cave in Japan and at Caverna do Diabo in Brazil have been
determined by the method of electron spin resonance (ESR). Technical
notes to
get a consistent age by avoiding the porous site are discussed.
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