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Journal of the Speleological Society of Japan

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Volume 10

Shun-ichi UENO
Additions to the Group of Trechiama oni (Coleoptera, Trechinae)
  Two new trechine beetles of the group of Trechiama oni are described from the upper hypogean zone of western Honshu, West Japan, under the names of T. angustus and T. obliquus. The former belongs to the oni complex within the species-group, while the latter to the kosugei complex as was preliminarily noted in the postscript to the revision of the group.
Yasuhiko TANOKUCHI
Notes on Cavernicolous Pselaphid Beetles from Saruta-do Cave, Southwest Japan
 The male of Bythonesiotes longicornis JEANNEL is described for the frst time, and the male genitalia of Nipponobythus plagiatus JEANNEL is redescribed on the basis of fresh specimens. The former is remarkable in the peculiar secondary sexual characters.
Youji INOKURA ,Kazuhisa YoSHIMURA, Akihiro SUGIMURA and Takehiko HAIKAWA
Drainage Basins of Springs in Akiyoshi-dai Plateau Evaluated by their Discharge and Chemical Compositions

 Discharge and the contents of dissolved components were measured 12 times for 10 springs in Akiyoshi-dai (karst) Plateau from 1982 to 1984. Drainage basins in Aidyoshi-dai Plateau were divided into Hirotani, Kanoide, Kuroiwa, Ono, Narutaki and Sowa on the basis of the topographic divide and the existence of two underground drainage systems, From the groundwater balance among 6 drainage basins, it is proved that much groundwater flows from Kanoide to Hirotani drainage basins in a stable discharge period, i.e., Kanoide drainage basin is smaller than the assumed one. The areas of the drainage basins fluctuate depending on discharge, particularly in the case of the Kanoide drainage basin, which makes it difficult to establish the underground divide of Akiyoshi-dai Plateau. The origin of the dissolved components was estimated by the self-consistent least squares method proposed by TSURUMI (1982). The contents of dissolved components for all spring waters could be explained only by mixing of two source waters : Iimestone origin (A) and non-limestone origin (B) (Table 3). The drainage basins were divided into two groups from the mixing ratio of each spring water. In the drainage basins of Kuroiwa, Ono, Narutaki and Sowa, groundwater mainly issues from the limestone area. The dissolved components may be supplied from Akiyoshi Limestone (A) and to some extent from a non-carbonate soil zone above

the limestone (B). The quality of groundwaters in the other drainage basins (Hirotani and Kanoide) is characterized by high contribution of the source water B. There are fairly large non-limestone areas in the basins. When the discharge of Kanoide drainage basin increases, the basin extends to a non-limestone area being distributed in the northeastern part of Akiyoshi-dai Plateau.
Naruhiko KASHIMA, Michio KATO, Takuro HIRAOKA and Jiro TAKAHASHI
Discovery of Speleo-minerals in Non-calcareous "Shirasu" Caves of Southern Kyushu, Japan
 Four speleo-minerals (gypsum, taranakite, 12Å mineral and amorphous one) are identified in samples obtained in two non-calcareous typical "Shirasu" caves of southern Kyushu, Japan, which have not been mineralogically investigated up to the present.
Motoji IKEYA and Tosbikatsu MIKI
Principle of Chemical ESR Dating for Organic Materials using Radical Formation
  A method of electron spin resonance (ESR) dating utilizing the chemical reaction of radical formation in organic materials is proposed as an auxiliary dating technique in archaeology, history and forensic medicine. A theoretical treatment of kinetic rate equations is presented with an example of lipid peroxy radical formation of unsaturated fatty acids in a killed rabbit skin. The ambiguity in the temperature assessment and variation in the environment are major source of errors in this chemical ESR dating as in all dating methods based on chemical reaction .
Atsushi FUJII and Nishinihon Cave Diving Researchers
Some Remarks towards the Underwater Speleology in Japan
 For the future advance of the underwater speleology in Japan, its early history in Europe and America, its relationship to speleology and actual notices are introduced.